时间副词

时间副词

时间副词是表示时间概念的副词，说明事情发生的时间、频率、时长等。它可以回答“何时”、“多久一次”、“多长时间”等问题。

时间副词的分类

• 时间点: today, tomorrow, yesterday, now, then, soon, recently, lately, afterwards 等。例如：
  • I went to the bar yesterday. (我昨天去了酒吧。)
  • Tomorrow, I shall attend a meeting. (明天我将参加一个会议。)
• 时间长度: for an hour, for a week, since 2001 等。例如：
  • I lived in France for a year. (我在法国住了一年。)
• 时间频率: hourly, daily, weekly, monthly, annually, often, usually, always, never, sometimes, seldom, rarely 等。 例如：
  • I take a vitamin pill daily. (我每天服用维生素片。)
  • She visits her grandmother fortnightly. (她每两周去看望她的祖母。)
• 时间关系: previous, lately, earlier, recently, before, still, yet, already, just, finally, eventually, no longer 等。例如：
  • Eventually, the cat climbed down from the tree. (最终，猫从树上爬了下来。)
  • I haven't done my university application yet. (我还没有提交大学申请。)

时间副词在句子中的位置

1. 句尾: 时间副词通常位于句尾，主动词之后。
   • I went swimming today.
   • I didn't swim today.
2. 宾语之后: 时间副词可以放在宾语之后，但不能放在动词和直接宾语之间。
   • I haven't read the book yet. (√)
   • I haven't read yet the book. (×)
3. 句首: 将时间副词置于句首可以起到强调时间的作用。
   • Today, I am going to finish my essay!
   • Eventually, I arrived at the hotel.
4. 动词之前: 少数时间副词，如 recently, lastly, eventually, previously 可以放在动词之前。
   • Andrew eventually arrived at the station.

多个时间副词的顺序

当一个句子中有多个时间副词时，其顺序通常遵循以下规则：

时长 > 频率 > 时间点

例如：

• I take my dog for a walk for an hour daily. (时长 > 频率)
• I go on holiday for a week every year. (时长 > 频率)
• I worked online for five hours every week last year. (时长 > 频率 > 时间点)

特别注意

• Later: 可以出现在句首、句尾或动词之前。
  • Later, I went to the cinema.
  • I went to the cinema later.
  • I later went to the cinema. (更正式)
• Still: 用于肯定句，表示某事仍在继续。
• Yet: 用于否定句和疑问句，表示某事尚未发生。

总结

时间副词是英语语法中重要的一部分，掌握其用法能够使我们更准确地表达时间概念，使句子表达更清晰、流畅。